Realm: Terrestrial
Climate: Tropical
Biome: Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Central latitude: -0.819050
Central longitude: -52.752650
Duration: 5 years, from 2009 to 2013
Climate: Tropical
Biome: Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Central latitude: -0.819050
Central longitude: -52.752650
Duration: 5 years, from 2009 to 2013
2745 records
64 distinct species
Across the time series Canthidium sp1 is the most frequently occurring speciesMethods
We sampled in 12 undisturbed primary forest sites, eight primary forest corridors, and 15 Eucalyptus plantations separated by 0.260?km (Fig. 1). The undisturbed forest was used as a baseline, whereas primary forest corridors (100300?m wide) were considered a low-intensity modification, with strong edge and isolation effects. Eucalyptus plantations represent a highly disturbed site, as the native forest has been completely replaced by exotic trees. Both modified habitat types have a distinct dung beetle species composition and community structure, mainly by species replacement (turnover component of ?-diversity in Fig. S1). However, communities in Eucalyptus plantations are the most dissimilar to those in undisturbed forest (Fig. S1; Barlow et al., 2010). It is also important to highlight that the Eucalyptus trees are harvested each 45?years. Thus, most of our plantations sites were harvested during the study, we are aware that this activity can strongly affect the dung beetles community but this is one of the main disturbance in fast-growing crops and was represented in this study.” We followed the protocol for dung beetle sampling in previous studies at same site (Barlow et al., 2007, Gardner et al., 2008, Barlow et al., 2010). Thus, we sampled dung beetles using pitfall traps baited with 30?g of human dung. The traps consisted of plastic containers (19?cm diameter and 11?cm deep), protected from rain with a plastic lid suspended 20?cm above the surface. Each trap was part-filled with water, salt, and detergent. Five pitfall traps were placed 150?m apart along a transect, with at least 500?m distance to the nearest edge in undisturbed forests. Collections took place once a year over a five-year period (20092013) during the wet season in each year. Beetles were sampled in exactly the same locations for 48?h per site in each year. Due to the large number of sites and the extensive area covered by our study, sampling took place over a 23?month period each year between late January and early June. However, to ensure comparable data among years, sampling was concentrated in March and April each year except 2013, when most sites were sampled one month earlier (see Table S2). In addition, sites within each habitat type were visited on each sampling date. Dung beetle specimens were transported from the field to the laboratory in 90% ethanol, then sorted, dried and stored in paper envelopes. Beetles were identified using a key to the New Worlds Scarabaeinae genera and subgenera (Vaz-de-Mello et al., 2011), a field guide for dung beetles of the Jari River basin (Louzada, unpublished data), and a reference collection held at the Universidade Federal de Lavras (CREN UFLA; Coleção de Referência de Escarabeíneos Neotropicais), Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Identifications were made to species level and, where there was uncertainty, a morphospecies number was given. Voucher specimens were deposited at CREN UFLA.” [Extracted from Beiroz et al 2018]Citation(s)
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